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When I was growing up in the San Francisco Bay Area in the 1980s, you could go to an Oakland A's game for next to nothing. And though the Oakland Coliseum at that time was not Ebbets Field, I can, to a limit, understand the nostalgia with which people remember the Brooklyn Dodgers. It was a time and place where the admission was cheap and the players were more or less accessible.
It doesn't take much to see that sport spectatorship and sports stars have changed dramatically in the past two decades: Phil Mickelson wants to play more in Europe next year because the dollar is "stagnant"; The New York Knicks still have some of the highest ticket prices in basketball, even though they haven't had a winning season their 2000-01 campaign; and ESPN — part news source, part broadcaster of games and one long sports advertisement where athletes and sportscasters make commercials together — has completely destroyed the illusion that there is a line that separates sport and commerce.
Rooting for the small-market, low-payroll Tampa Bay Rays in the recent World Series seemed like a bit of resistance, even though rooting for the Rays was rooting for the pup among the same breed of big dogs.
Never before has the act of supporting a sports team, or even watching a game on TV, felt more like lining someone's pocket. Most of us realize that nostalgia is blood sport. We don't want to go back to Brooklyn in the '40s and '50s or Oakland in the '80s. After all, Mark McGwire and Jose Canseco, who have come to represent everything that has recently gone wrong in baseball, were Oakland rookies in the mid-80s. We want a way forward.
In Fans of the World, Unite!: A (Capitalist) Manifesto for Sports Consumers, Stephen Ross and Stefan Szymanski provide a cogent, well-argued way ahead for fixing some of the woes experienced by the everyday sports fan.
As the title suggests, the authors' primary concern is with the health of the American sports consumer, whom they feel is exploited in a number of ways by the four major sports leagues in America: Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, the National Football League and the National Hockey League. Taxpayers often end up footing a large part of the bill in building new stadiums; television blackouts and high-priced league-wide TV packages force consumers to pay to watch games; the leagues tolerate mismanagement by allowing teams lifelong membership into the league; and the centralized structure of the leagues leads to mishandling of licensing and overall mismanagement.
To remedy some of these ills, Ross and Syzmanski suggest a two-part solution. "Sports leagues should be restructured to vest control in a for-profit commercial enterprise that is separate and distinct from the owners of clubs participating in the competition, and participation in each sport's major league should be based on merit, demonstrated best by performance in the prior season."
The first solution is best understood through an example. In 2001, the Committee of Management at the Wimbledon Championship offered a wild-card spot to Goran Ivanisevic, who in previous years had three second-place finishes on the grass courts. The tournament is open to players based on world rankings, and in 2001, Ivanisevic had fallen far down the ranks due to injuries. Based on his previous finishes, Ivanisevic was given the wild-card spot. He took great advantage of the gift, and beat Patrick Rafter in the final.
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Sameer Pandya, formerly an assistant professor of English at Queens College, CUNY, is now a lecturer in the Department of Asian American Studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara.
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