Saturday 27 December 2008
by: Evelyn Larrubia, The Los Angeles Times
Union workers in Indiana speak with Obama about labor issues. Unions are preparing for a legislative battle to pass the Employee Free Choice Act. (Photo: Reuters)
The Employee Free Choice Act would make it easier to unionize. Obama says he'd sign the legislation, but the Senate may again reject it.
It is labor's biggest priority for the new administration: changing federal law to make it easier for workers to unionize - and win contracts with their employers.
Unions, which spent an estimated $450 million to help elect Barack Obama to the presidency and put more Democrats in Congress, want the Employee Free Choice Act passed quickly to begin to reverse decades of declining membership.
The U.S. Chamber of Commerce has vowed to spend $10 million to defeat the bill.
Obama's selection of union-friendly Rep. Hilda L. Solis (D-El Monte) as Labor secretary is seen as good news for the bill's advocates. She has called it "vital legislation."
Everyone agrees that the fight will be in the Senate, where the measure died last year after passing easily in the House.
Both sides plan to run grass-roots campaigns in key states and have begun airing TV ads, to "educate" the public.
The most controversial provision would require employers to recognize a union once a majority of workers signed membership cards, in what is known as a card-check system.
Companies can, but rarely do, recognize unions under those circumstances. Instead, they typically exercise their right to require an employee election organized by the National Labor Relations Board.
Trauma nurse Sherwood Cox, who worked to defeat two California Nurses Assn. drives at Western Medical Center Santa Ana, said that under the proposed law, he would be unable to keep the union out.
"When it's actually gone to vote, we've gone into the ballot booth and we've voted no," Cox said. "Both times, the union was totally shocked that they lost."
Under the card-check system, an employer could be surprised to learn that the workplace has gone union overnight.
Business leaders have couched the fight in terms of workers' privacy rights.
"The American public supports the secret ballot," said Randy Johnson, a vice president of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce. "Card checks are subject to abuse."
An ad produced by the bill's opponents features an actor from the HBO series "The Sopranos" portraying a mobster-like labor organizer threatening a worker to sign a union card.
"They're manipulating that," complained Josh Goldstein, spokesman for American Rights at Work, a nonprofit group that backs the bill. "Our battle right now, before we even get to the horse race on Capitol Hill, is how do we get people talking about this bill the way they should be?"
Card-check proponents have countered with their own television ad. It features a man dreaming of a benevolent boss, only to be awakened by his dog to go off to his presumably lousy job. Goldstein hopes that will get across labor's message: that unions give employees power at work, helping them obtain better pay and benefits.
Labor leaders say elections hurt unionization efforts because employers use the time leading up to the vote to harass, fire and threaten workers.
Melinda Burns said she was fired from her job after 21 years as a reporter at the Santa Barbara News-Press because she was a newsroom leader who brought in the Teamsters. An administrative judge with the National Labor Relations Board agreed, finding that she was among eight employees fired in violation of labor laws.
The newspaper's owner, Wendy McCaw, has appealed the decision. Management said the employees were fired for disloyalty or biased reporting.
"What we've learned is that you can break the labor law in America and get away with it for a long time," Burns said.
In fiscal 2007, the NLRB found that 1,771 employees were fired "in violation of their organizational rights" and it got employers to offer to rehire them. More than $124 million in back pay was awarded to the employees.
The proposed bill seeks to increase penalties against employers who violate the law - its least controversial measure, though opponents point out that the penalties against unions would be unchanged.
Of more than 22,000 unfair-labor-practice charges filed with the NLRB in fiscal 2007, about 6,000 were against labor unions. Most alleged illegal restraint and coercion.
"In my campaign to convince people not to organize with the union, they put out a caricature of me as a puppet of management, with wooden legs and wooden arms and squashed nurses dripping off my shoes," said Cox, the Santa Ana nurse.
He said he fought the union because, as a sought-after trauma nurse, he doesn't need help from collective bargaining and doesn't want to pay union dues.
Union officials and nurses involved in the campaign denied sending out the flier with the caricature.
Even when a union is approved through an election, officials say, a hostile employer can drag out contract negotiations for years and ultimately petition to have the union decertified before one's ever signed.
Complaints of employers illegally refusing to bargain account for 60% of filings with the NLRB. The penalty for failing to negotiate in good faith is to be sent back into negotiations.
The bill's other chief provision seeks to change that by imposing a first contract through binding federal arbitration if early negotiations and mediation efforts fail.
"We're never going to turn the authority to run our workplace to a government arbitrator," said Johnson, of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce.
Carlos Rubio, a Rite Aid warehouse worker in Palmdale, said negotiations with his employer over a first contracthave dragged on since he and his co-workers voted to join the International Longshore and Warehouse Union in March.
"There are 35 articles on the table. We've agreed to four of them," Rubio said. Rite Aid has agreed to minor provisions, such as what happens if an employee is called into military service, he said, but has not even begun to talk about pay scales and other more meaningful issues.
Labor advocates are pushing hard for the bill because union membership has plummeted, from a high of 35% of the U.S. workforce down to 12% today.
Labor wants the bill introduced in the first 100 days of the Obama administration. But legislators are loath to make such a promise.
"Everybody can't go through the front door of the White House on the first day," said Aaron Albright, press secretary for the House Education and Labor Committee, whose chairman introduced the bill. "The economic recovery package is the first thing we're going to be working on."
Union officials for weeks have been pushing the Employee Free Choice Act as a needed part of fiscal reform, saying it will create the middle-class jobs necessary to improve the lives of Americans.
Obama has promised to sign the legislation if it's passed.
But Nelson Lichtenstein, director of the Center for the Study of Work, Labor and Democracy at UC Santa Barbara, said acrimony over the proposal makes it a tough issue for Obama to take on right away.
"It's a rallying point for Republicans," he said, "and a wedge issue for some Democrats."
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