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Last Sunday, Venezuelans voted against reforms put forth by President Hugo Chavez. The vote against Chavez's proposals for constitutional reform was surprising and extremely close, 51 percent to 49 percent. And yet both the United States and Chavez hailed the result of the referendum as a sign of Venezuela's democracy.
Looking for an on-the-ground account of the referendum and insights into the results, I spoke to journalist and activist Chesa Boudin, author of The Venezuelan Revolution: 100 Questions and 100 Answers. Boudin lived in Venezuela while researching Latin American public policy as part of his master's degree from Oxford University and is back in Venezuela working on a new book about Latin America's shift to the left and his own political awakening.
In a phone interview from Caracas with AlterNet, Boudin reflected on why the defeat of the referendum is a victory for Chavez, what JFK can teach the United States about respecting revolutions, the myth of the Chavez dictatorship, the now-obsolete "fraud" T-shirts preprinted by the opposition, and the good, the bad and the ugly (and the pretty) of Venezuela.
Katie Halper: What is it like in Caracas right now?
Chesa Boudin: It's very calm here. Of course you have the normal violent crime and criminal activity in Venezuela. That is constant. If you had asked me last week, I would have said that Chavez's referendum would have passed. But by the end of Sunday, before they announced the results, I knew that it wasn't going to win.
Halper: Why did it fail?
Boudin: First of all, there were real problems with the content of the reform. Second of all, there were problems with the process through which they tried to get the reform passed. And third of all, there is general discontent with certain aspects of the government that weakened voter turnout even though the government remains very popular, and Chavez in particular is extremely popular.
Halper: What were your reservations?
Boudin: I was concerned about the centralization of power, indefinite terms and expanded emergency power. I was concerned about the vague nature and confusing way many of the articles were drafted. And I was also concerned about the government's capacity to put into practice some of the articles that were on their face excellent. Like the expanded guarantees for social security for taxi drivers, street vendors, etc., is a great law. But in practice the government doesn't have the ability at this stage to put that into effect. Many of the changes they were making could have been made through simple legislation; they didn't need to be constitutional.
Halper: Why do you think Chavez wanted to do away with term limits?
Boudin: There is no question that Chavez wanted to get rid of term limits. I think that was one of the main motivations for the reform. I think they chose this year rather than four years from now, for two reasons. One, so they don't need to worry about training new leadership. I think they need to change the leadership. I would encourage Chavez to stay in the government until his term ends and then train new leadership. He should allow somebody else to take charge for a change to see what good comes from the sharing of power. I think the other reason is because Chavez is a military man, and he had a very powerful successful electoral cycle last year when he won with almost 20 percent over the opposition. I think he saw the opportunity to steamroll forward through elections. And I think it's a good thing that there is a check on that. Chavez does command the loyalty of the masses. But it's not a blind loyalty. And it's good that there be a check on executive power in any country.
Halper: Do you agree with Chavez's claim that this is proof of Venezuela's democracy maturing?
Boudin: Yes. I think the government was overconfident and took the popular support for granted. And this will force the government to realize that the grass-roots and popular support is contingent and cannot be assumed or taken for granted. There are people who will go out there and vote simply because Chavez says they should do. And they were able to get basically 50 percent of the vote. However, there were a lot of people who simply weren't convinced because it was rushed, because they had reservations. And this will force the government to win, on a daily basis, the support and respect of the masses. That's an important thing for any government, not just this government.
See more stories tagged with: venezuela, bolivarian revolution, referendum, chavez
Katie Halper is a co-founder of Laughing Liberally, one of the national directors of Living Liberally and artistic director and comedy curator at The Tank. Katie blogs regularly for the Huffington Post, Working Life, Culture Kitchen and the political comedy site 23/6. Katie is working on a documentary about Camp Kinderland, the "Summer Camp with a Conscience."
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